Fungi are microscopic or macroscopic, non-chlorophyllated, spore
bearing, filamentous, heterotrophic thallophytes which reproduce asexually and
sexually.
Individual filaments are called
hyphae and network of hyphae forms mycelium. Sometime
hyphae often organize into compact tissue like structures.
They are as
follows
1. Plectenchyma: network of closely or
loosely interwoven hyphae
A) Prosenchyma: loosely arranged network of hyphae, unfused and parallel
o one another without losing their individuality
B) Pseudoparenchyma: closely arranged network of hyphae, fused and have
lost their individuality
2. Sclerotia: thick compact
masses of fungal hyphae (pseudoparenchymatous)
·
Acts
as resting bodies and highly resistant to unfavorable conditions
·
During
favorable condition, they form mycelia or fruiting bodies
·
Rhizomorphs:
rope like, tough and compact fungal hyphae.
·
Helps
in transport of food materials from one part of the thallus to another
·
To
spread from one favourable location to another substrata
3. Rhizomorphs: rope like,
tough and compact fungal hyphae.
·
Helps
in transport of food materials from one part of the thallus to another
·
To
spread from one favourable location to another substrata
4. Sporophore
Spore producing
hyphae or structure in some fungus
At maturity, in some fungus like Agaricus, spores are produced either
directly on the somatic hyphae or, more often, on special sporiferous
(spore-producing) hyphae, which may be loosely arranged or grouped into
intricate structures called fruiting bodies, or sporophores.
5. Stromata: The hyphae form
aggregations to produce club shaped psuedoparenchymatous structures called stromata
It is erect, stalked, unbranched or branched and forked
At maturity, Stroma contains large number of perithecia with ascospores
embedded on the outer side. White or black in colour
